Endnotes

1. “Detroit: Small Business Closure Crisis,” Trust for Conservation Innovation for Project Equity, 2017, https://www.project-equity.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Detroit-Small-Business-Closure-Crisis.pdf.

2. MICEO: Michigan Center for Employee Ownership

3. “How Will the Silver Tsunami Affect Industry?” Crain’s Detroit, June 8, 2021. 

4. Jack Moriarty, Michael Quarrey, Corey Rosen, John Case, Gellert Dornay, Christopher Mackin, Stephen Ringlee, “Turning Employees into Owners: Rebuilding the American Dream,” Ownership America (October, 2021).

5. “Detroit: Small Business Closure Crisis,” Trust for Conservation Innovation for Project Equity.

6. EO Equals, Exploring Opportunities in Employee Ownership Workbook,  https://employeeownershipequals.org.

7. “Detroit Data Center,” Detroit Regional Chamber, ​​https://detroitdatacenter.org.

8. Steven Clifford, et. al., An Owner’s Guide to  Business Succession Planning. Kent, OH: Ohio Employee Ownership Center, 2008.

9. Moss Adams, LLP: Succession Planning Guide. 

10. Steven Clifford, et. al., An Owner’s Guide to Business Succession Planning.

11. Deloitte Development, LLC, Business Succession Planning Cultivating Enduring Value (2013).

12. Steven Clifford, et. al., An Owner’s Guide to Business Succession Planning. Moss Adams, LLP: Succession Planning Guide.

13. Moss Adams, LLP: Succession Planning Guide.

14. Deloitte Development, LLC, Business Succession Planning Cultivating Enduring Value.

15. Deloitte Development, LLC, Business Succession Planning Cultivating Enduring Value.

16. Maria Victoria MacAraig, “Pros and Cons Of Hiring A Business Broker,” ExitAdviser™, May 22, 2019. 

17. Christopher Marquis, “Addressing One Root Of Wealth Inequality Through Employee Ownership.” Forbes.com, November 30, 2020.

18. EO Equals, Exploring Opportunities in Employee Ownership Workbook.  

19. Steven Clifford, et. al., An Owner’s Guide to Business Succession Planning.

20. Jack Moriarty, et. al. “Turning Employees into Owners: Rebuilding the American Dream,” Ownership America.

21. Jack Moriarty, et. al. “Turning Employees into Owners: Rebuilding the American Dream,” Ownership America.

22. Edward Lynch, AICP Ashley Williams Clark, Anika Goss, Shari Williams, Sema Abulhab, The State Of Economic Equity In Detroit. Detroit, MI: Detroit Future City’s Center for Equity, Engagement, and Research, 2021.

23. Northcountry Cooperative Foundation, Governance & Decision-Making, 21.

24. Cooperative Development Institute

25. Jack Moriarty, et. al. “Turning Employees into Owners: Rebuilding the American Dream,” Ownership America, 24.

26. Northcountry Cooperative Foundation, Governance & Decision-Making, 21.

27. California Center for Cooperative Development, Project Equity, Sustainable Economies Law Center, “California Cooperatives: Today’s Landscape of Worker, Housing and Childcare Cooperatives,” 2017.

28. EO Equals, Exploring Opportunities in Employee Ownership Workbook. 

29. Christopher Marquis, “Addressing One Root Of Wealth Inequality Through Employee Ownership.” Forbes.com, November 30, 2020.

30. “Detroit: Small Business Closure Crisis,” Trust for Conservation Innovation for Project Equity, 2017.

31. Brian Van Slyke, “Cooperative Development Institute,” Truthout. 

32. Cooperative Development Institute, Ward Lumber Transitions to Employee Ownership – Becomes the Largest Worker Cooperative in the Region, https://cdi.coop/ward-lumber-transition.

33. Project Equity, “Island Employee Cooperative,” https://project-equity.org/owner-retires/island-employee-cooperative.

34. Project Equity, “Thriving Through the COVID-19 Crisis: California Solar Electric Company,” https://project-equity.org/owner-stays/cal-solar-thrives-through-covid-crisis.

35. Project Equity, “Arbor Assays,” https://project-equity.org/owner-retires/arbor-assays.